Model scope: the stage ledger credits Erec=qΔφ to the highest strictly admissible stage for each simulated alpha and checks Esource=Erecovered+Eresidual exactly. Particle rate and current follow Ṅ=Pα/Ēα and I=2eṄ. The structural spectrum is calculated in the reaction centre-of-mass frame, so device-frame boost, joint energy–angle transport and stage-local space-charge physics lie outside this ledger and are reported as separate screens.
Conversion and plant ledger
Source spectrum and collector residual
Adiabatic E×B theoretical limit
54.7356° represents energy equipartition: one parallel and two perpendicular degrees of freedom.
Implements Rax, Kolmes & Fisch (2025) Eqs. 62, 65 and 68. It assumes an optimally large geometry and does not include the real birth distribution, collisions, neutral absorption, surfaces, or material stress.
Research roadmap
| Milestone | Evidence required | Current status |
|---|---|---|
| keV benchmark | Reproduce TMX 48±2% net and 100 keV beam 65±7%, including suppressor and pressure effects. | Published external benchmarks; not reproduced by hardware here. |
| MeV helium/alpha beam | Calibrated 0.1–5 MeV beam, spectrum/angles, MV electrodes, net load power and uncertainty. | Missing. |
| Space charge and surfaces | Self-consistent Poisson/particle solution, secondary electrons, charge exchange, sputtering, heat flux and lifetime. | Only screening scales here. |
| Integrated plasma | Measured extraction fraction from p–¹¹B plasma and simultaneous collector operation. | No published demonstration found. |
| Plant balance | Fusion source, plasma sustainment, magnets, vacuum, conditioning, heat recovery and auxiliaries measured over a complete cycle. | Scenario inputs only. |